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Process flow and description of reverse osmosis system
1. The raw water tank stores raw water, buffers the impact of unstable water pressure in the raw water pipe on the water treatment system, and is also used to settle large sediment particles and other precipitable substances in groundwater.
2. Coagulant addition: mainly to remove suspended colloids with small particle sizes from water. Because these tiny particles do not settle under the influence of gravity in water and are difficult to remove in subsequent filters, coagulation treatment is required for the raw water. It is achieved by adding coagulants to the raw water to form larger flocs with suspended solids and colloids in the water, and then filtering them out through a multi-media filter. When the iron content in the raw water is less than 0.3mg/L and the suspended solids content is less than 20 mg/L, this device may not be used for pretreatment. When the content of suspended solids and colloidal substances in water is relatively high, it is generally necessary to use a coagulant addition device.
3. The raw water pump maintains a constant system water supply pressure and a stable water supply volume.
4. The main purpose of using a filter with multiple filtration layers is to remove substances such as sediment, rust, colloidal substances, suspended solids, and other particles with a particle size of more than 20um in the raw water. Manual valve control or fully automatic controller can be used for a series of operations such as backwashing and forward flushing. Ensure the quality of water produced by the equipment and extend its service life.
5. It can remove free chlorine and organic matter from water to protect reverse osmosis facilities. Free chlorine can oxidize and damage reverse osmosis membranes, and reverse osmosis generally requires residual chlorine in the influent to be less than 0.1ppm; Organic matter is not only a bait for microorganisms, but when it is concentrated to a certain extent, it can dissolve organic membrane materials and degrade membrane performance. There are various types of organic compounds in water, and different organic compounds have different hazards to reverse osmosis membranes. Therefore, in the design of reverse osmosis pretreatment systems, if the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the water exceeds 2mg/L, treatment is generally required. For purification systems that use tap water as the water source, activated carbon adsorption is necessary because the organic content in surface water is high.
6. The function of the softened water equipment/dosing and scale inhibition device is to prevent insoluble salts from scaling on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane. Softening is the process of removing calcium and magnesium ions from water by exchanging them with ion exchange resin. The advantage of softening is that it can thoroughly remove calcium and magnesium ions from water, avoiding scaling of these ions in reverse osmosis devices. The disadvantage is that the equipment investment is high and regeneration is required after a certain period of operation.
7. Precision filters, also known as security filters, are used to intercept particles larger than 5 microns in raw water to ensure that the reverse osmosis membrane is not scratched by suspended particles of large particles. Because the thickness of the reverse osmosis membrane is about 10 microns, larger particles in the raw water are easily scratched on the desalination skin layer of the reverse osmosis membrane surface or may penetrate the reverse osmosis membrane components after being accelerated by a high-pressure pump. Therefore, a 5-micron precision filter is generally installed before the reverse osmosis equipment.
4、 Operating parameters and effluent indicators of reverse osmosis purified water equipment
1. Single machine output: 0.25M3/H-100 M3/H (customized according to customer needs).
2. Desalination rate: Reverse osmosis system>98% (customized single-stage or two-stage reverse osmosis units according to process requirements).
3. Operating pressure: 1Mpa-1.5Mpa.
4. Recovery rate: 50% -75%.
5. Product effluent conductivity:< 10 μ s/CM (raw water<500 μ s/CM)