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Reverse Osmosis System Process Flow and Description
1. The raw water tank stores raw water, buffering the impact of unstable water pressure in the raw water pipe on the water treatment system, and is also used to settle large sand particles and other settleable substances in groundwater.
2. Coagulant addition: This mainly removes small-particle-size suspended matter colloids in the water. Because these tiny particles will not settle under the action of gravity in the water, and are difficult to remove in subsequent filters, the raw water needs to undergo coagulation treatment. This is achieved by adding coagulants to the raw water to form larger flocs with suspended matter and colloids in the water, which are then removed by filtration through a multimedia filter. When the iron content in the raw water is less than 0.3mg/L and the suspended solids content is less than 20 mg/L, this device can be omitted in pretreatment. When the content of suspended matter and colloidal substances in the water is relatively high, a coagulant addition device is generally required.
3. The raw water pump provides a constant system water pressure and stable water flow.
4. A filter with multiple filter layers is used, the main purpose of which is to remove particles larger than 20um in the raw water, such as sand, rust, colloidal substances, and suspended matter. A manual valve or a fully automatic controller can be used for backwashing, forward washing, and other operations. This ensures the quality of the produced water and extends the service life of the equipment.
5. This can remove free chlorine and organic matter in the water to protect the reverse osmosis facilities. Free chlorine can oxidize and damage the reverse osmosis membrane; reverse osmosis generally requires an inlet chlorine residual <0.1ppm; organic matter is not only food for microorganisms, but when it is concentrated to a certain extent, it can dissolve organic membrane materials, causing membrane performance degradation. There are many types of organic matter in water, and different organic matter has different harms to the reverse osmosis membrane. Therefore, in the design of the reverse osmosis pretreatment system, if the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the water exceeds 2mg/L, it generally needs to be treated. For purification systems using tap water as a water source, activated carbon adsorption is necessary because surface water has a higher organic matter content.
6. Water softener/chemical dosing anti-scaling device function: Prevents the scaling of sparingly soluble salts on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane. Softening utilizes ion exchange resin to exchange with calcium and magnesium ions in the water to remove calcium and magnesium ions from the water. The advantage of softening is that it can remove calcium and magnesium ions from the water more thoroughly, preventing these ions from scaling in the reverse osmosis device. The disadvantage is that the equipment investment is high, and regeneration is required after a certain period of operation.
7. The precision filter, also known as the security filter, is used to intercept particles larger than 5 microns in the raw water to ensure that the reverse osmosis membrane is not scratched by large suspended particles. Because the thickness of the reverse osmosis membrane is about 10 microns, larger particles in the raw water are easily accelerated by the high-pressure pump to scratch the desalination epidermis layer on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane or may puncture the reverse osmosis membrane component. Therefore, a 5-micron precision filter is generally installed before the reverse osmosis equipment.
IV. Reverse Osmosis Pure Water Equipment Operating Parameters and Water Output Indicators
1. Single-unit output: 0.25M3/H-100 M3/H (customized according to customer needs).
2. Desalination rate: Reverse osmosis system >98% (single-stage or two-stage reverse osmosis units customized according to process requirements).
3. Operating pressure: 1Mpa-1.5Mpa.
4. Recovery rate: 50%-75%.
5. Product water conductivity: <10μs/CM (raw water <500μs/CM).